Paryushan: A Journey of Self-Purification and Forgiveness in Jainism
Paryushan is considered the most sacred festival in Jainism, not because of grand rituals or external celebrations, but because of its deep focus on the soul. Unlike many festivals that revolve around decoration, feasts, or entertainment, Paryushan is an inward journey. It is a time for reflection, repentance, forgiveness, and spiritual renewal.
Meaning of Paryushan
The word Paryushan comes from Sanskrit: pari means “all sides,” and ushana means “to stay or to reside.” Together, the term signifies “staying close to the soul from all sides.” It encourages Jains to look within, examine their lives, and align themselves with the values of their faith—non-violence (ahimsa), truth (satya), non-stealing (asteya), celibacy (brahmacharya), and non-possessiveness (aparigraha).
How Paryushan is Observed
The two main sects of Jainism observe Paryushan slightly differently.
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Shvetambara Jains observe it for eight days.
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Digambara Jains observe it for ten days, calling it Das Lakshana Parva.
Despite the difference in duration, the spirit remains the same—dedication to self-discipline, fasting, meditation, scriptural study, and community prayers. Jain monks and nuns play a vital role during this period, offering guidance through discourses on ethics, compassion, and philosophy.
Fasting and Spiritual Practices
Fasting is one of the central practices during Paryushan. Some devotees reduce their food intake or avoid specific items, while others may go for days without solid food, drinking only boiled water at specific times. This practice is not about punishment but about controlling desires, detaching from the body, and focusing on spiritual growth.
Meditation, chanting, and reading scriptures also form an essential part of Paryushan. The Kalpa Sutra, especially among Shvetambaras, is often read during communal gatherings. It recounts the lives of the Tirthankaras, especially Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, whose story of renunciation and enlightenment inspires millions of Jains.
The Practice of Pratikraman
Perhaps the most powerful ritual of Paryushan is Pratikraman, a daily practice of self-reflection, confession, and repentance. Devotees acknowledge their mistakes, seek forgiveness, and make a sincere effort not to repeat them. This practice helps cleanse the mind and heart of negativity and guides individuals toward ethical living.
The Spirit of Forgiveness: Micchami Dukkadam
The climax of Paryushan comes on the last day, known as Samvatsari for Shvetambaras and Kshamavani for Digambaras. On this day, Jains humbly seek forgiveness from family, friends, and even strangers by saying “Micchami Dukkadam”—“I ask forgiveness for any harm I may have caused you, knowingly or unknowingly.”
This beautiful tradition of seeking and granting forgiveness goes beyond religion. It is a reminder to let go of grudges, heal relationships, and embrace peace. In today’s world, where misunderstandings and conflicts are common, the spirit of Micchami Dukkadam carries a powerful message of unity and compassion.
Why Paryushan Matters Today
In our fast-paced lives filled with distractions, Paryushan teaches us to pause, reflect, and purify ourselves. It is not only a religious observance but also a universal practice of self-discipline, mindfulness, and forgiveness. Whether one follows Jainism or not, the values of non-violence, truth, humility, and compassion are lessons that can guide anyone toward a more peaceful life.
Paryushan is more than just a festival; it is a journey inward. It encourages Jains to rise above material desires, forgive others, and walk on the path of self-purification. In its essence, it reminds humanity that true celebration is not in outer show but in inner growth.
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